University Wire
(US)16 April 2002
Religious references on TV take viewers along to church
Xena, Warrior Princess equals Jesus Christ? The comparison might seem a little strange, but a new study titled "Feminism, Religion and Popular Culture" does just that. Conducted by University of Southern California religion professor Sheila Briggs, the study focuses on the relationship between women and religion on television programming, specifically that of science fiction."The spirituality of science fiction rethinks gender roles," Briggs said. "One of the reasons women play such central parts is that they give masculine roles spirituality."
The now canceled "Xena: Warrior Princess" is used as a main example because of its large amount of religious references.
"There is definite, purposeful references to the Christian story in the 'Xena' storyline," Briggs said. "For example, Xena becomes pregnant by some miraculous means, and the child she gives birth to is meant as a savior for the earth."
There are other references to Christian theology. Xena sacrifices herself through crucifixion in order to save the world.
"The makers of the show were fascinated by religion and traditional Christian imagery," Briggs said. "They believe in the traditional Christian message, which is the redemption of the world through love and forgiveness."
Other science fiction shows offer examples of religious references, Briggs said. For example, "Babylon 5," "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine" and "Star Trek Voyager" all had storylines based on religious themes.
"Many characters become religious figures on these programs," Briggs said.
Religion on television is not just limited to science fiction, however. One of the clearest ways religion is present on television is through evangelicalism, such as the Christian Broadcast Network and "700 Club, " said John Crossley, director of religion.
Religious programming hits a note with many Americans, said Jane Iwamura, professor of religion and American studies.
"I think shows like 'Touched by an Angel' show a move in America toward more spirituality," Iwamura said.
Students appear not to take much notice of programs that are directly religious, such as "Touched by an Angel."
"Usually, I just watch the news or other types of shows," said Katherine To, a sophomore majoring in biomedical engineering. "Those types of shows don't interest me."
Cindy Lee, a junior majoring in biological sciences, agreed.
"I don't usually watch TV, but when I do, I don't watch those shows, " she said.
Since Sept. 11, Americans have turned to television that is much more wholesome, Iwamura said.
"Religion is often a highly sentimized portrayal," Crossley said. "Instead of being a part of life, it appears when there is a danger."
However, non-Christian dominations, specifically that of Islam, are not featured in most programming but rather in documentaries.
"Most Eastern religions do not get portrayed on television," Briggs said. "The dilemma Western producers face is how to be diverse and sensitive at the same time."
Briggs pointed to an episode of "Xena" in which Hinduism was portrayed. A small group of Hindus protested the show, and thus producers became wary of creating any more shows outside of Western religion.
"The affect of this, of course, was that the Christian theme in 'Xena' became more prominent," Briggs said.
Sitcoms and dramas that focus on religion give people guidance during times of trouble, Crossley said.
Some shows do not have a major focus on religion but still contain underlying religious substance, Iwamura said. For example, "The Simpsons" features many characters who practice various religions, from Homer Simpson's Bible-obesessed neighbor Ned Flanders to convenience store clerk Apu, a Hindu.
"Much of it is transposed onto a more secular narrative," Iwamura said. "It might not seem completely obvious, but it is there."
Iwamura also pointed to programs such as the "X-Files," which feature characters seeking a higher purpose.
"People on these programs are trying to find the ultimate meaning, " Iwamura said. "This is spiritual in itself. It might not be religion directly, but it still is spirituality."